இந்தக் கட்டுரையினை தமிழில் படிப்பதற்கு இங்கே சொடுக்கவும்
Why in news?
- An American has recently been killed by Sentinelese - an endangered tribe in India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Who are Sentinelese?
- Sentinelese, also known as the Sentineli and the North Sentinel Islanders, are an indigenous people.
- They inhabit North Sentinel Island, located in the Bay of Bengal in the Indian sub-continent.
- The Sentinelese are known to be the last pre-Neolithic tribe in this world.
- They have made little to no advancement in the past 60,000 years and still live very primitive lives.
- They rely on forest produce and sea resources for survival.
- The population is less than 150 and as low as 40.
Tribes of Andaman
- Out of the six major tribes of Andaman, four tribal communities are part of Negrito namely,
- Great Andamanese
- Jarawa
- Onge
- Sentinelese
- In the Mangoloid category, there are only two tribal communities
Particularly vulnerable tribal group (PVTG)
- Particularly vulnerable tribal group (PVTG) is a government of India classification created with the purpose of enabling improvement in the conditions of certain communities with particularly low development indices.
- The Dhebar Commission (1960-1961) stated that within Scheduled Tribes there existed an inequality in the rate of development.
- During the fourth Five Year Plan a sub-category was created within the Scheduled Tribes to identify groups that considered to be at a lower level of development.
- They were called as "primitive tribal group".
- In 2006 the government of India renamed "Primitive tribal group" as Particularly vulnerable tribal group".
- Ministry of Home Affairs have categorized 75 tribal groups as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs),
- There are 5 PVTGs in Andaman & Nicobar Island
- Great Andamanese
- Jarawas
- Onges
- Sentinelese
- Shompen
- There are 6 PVTG in Tamilnadu.
- Irular
- Kattu Nayakan
- Korumba
- Kota
- Paniyan
- Toda
How are Sentinelese protected?
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Protection of Aboriginal Tribes) Regulation, 1956 declared the traditional areas occupied by the tribes as reserves.
- It prohibited entry of all persons except those with authorization.
- Photographing or filming the tribe members is also an offence.
- Restricted Area Permit (RAP) regime was notified under the Foreigners (Restricted Areas) Order, 1963.
- Foreign nationals are not normally allowed to visit the protected or restricted area unless the Government is satisfied that there are extra-ordinary reasons to justify their visit.
- Citizens of Afghanistan, China and Pakistan and foreign nationals of Pakistani origin are exceptions and are not allowed to enter such areas.
- The government recently excludes 29 islands from the RAP regime.
Why are they protected?
- The tribe’s extreme isolation makes them very vulnerable to diseases to which they have no immunity.
- No immunity to even common illnesses such as flu and measles.
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