Existence of Fourth Form of Water
March 16 , 2025
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- Scientists have now confirmed a fourth form of ice, called Plastic Ice VII.
- This rare phase allows water molecules to rotate freely while staying in a solid structure.
- Unlike regular ice, the Plastic Ice VII has a rigid structure but allows molecular rotation.
- The ice forms under pressures above three gigapascals (GPa), about 30,000 times Earth's atmospheric pressure.
- It also needs temperatures above 450 Kelvin (177°C).
- This extreme phase, exists on the Jupiter’s and Saturn’s icy moons, such as the Ganymede and Titan.

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