President Vladimir Putin has approved the changes to Russia’s nuclear weapons policy.
Moscow sees nuclear weapons as a means of deterring its enemies and sets out the scenarios under which it would consider using them.
Its nuclear deterrent is aimed not only at other nuclear states but also at other countries that allow their land, water or airspace to be used to prepare or conduct aggression against it.
Russia is officially placing close ally Belarus under its nuclear umbrella.
Now it may use nuclear weapons in the event of a conventional attack against itself or Belarus that “creates a critical threat to their sovereignty or territorial integrity”.