G2O Delhi Summit – Part 1

(இதன் தமிழ் வடிவத்திற்கு இங்கே சொடுக்கவும்)

G2O Delhi Summit

• The 18th G20 Summit was held in New Delhi, India on September 9th and 10th, 2023.
• For the first time India hosted the G20 Leaders' Summit.
• During the course of its G20 Presidency, India hosted about 200 meetings in 32 different sectors in multiple locations across India.
• India’s foreign policy is focusing on the ‘global common good’.
• G20 Leaders' New Delhi Declaration has achieved unanimous consensus, addressing diverse global issues, from Russia-Ukraine tensions to the sustainable development, food security, and launching the Global Biofuel Alliance.

Accelerated, Inclusive & Resilient Growth

• An accelerated, resilient and inclusive growth is a cornerstone for sustainable development.
• During its G20 Presidency, India aims to focus on areas that have the potential to bring structural transformation.
• This includes an ambition to accelerate integration of MSMEs in global trade, bring in the spirit of trade for growth, promote labour rights and secure labour welfare, address global skills gap, and build inclusive agricultural value chains and food systems etc.

Accelerating progress on SDGs

• India's G20 Presidency collides with the crucial midpoint of the 2030 Agenda.
• As such, India acknowledges the detrimental impact of COVID-19.
• It is changed the current decade of action into a decade of recovery.
• India wants to focus on recommitting G20's efforts to achieving the targets laid out in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Technological Transformation & Digital Public Infrastructure

• As G20 Presidency, India can foreground its belief in a human-centric approach to technology.
• It is to facilitate greater knowledge-sharing in priority areas like digital public infrastructure, financial inclusion, and tech-enabled development in sectors ranging from agriculture to education.

Multilateral Institutions for the 21st century

• India's G20 priority will be to continue pressing for reformed multilateralism.
• It creates more accountable, inclusive just, equitable and representative multipolar international system that is fit for addressing the challenges in the 21^st century.

Women-led development

• India hopes to use the G20 forum to highlight inclusive growth and development.
• It is helping to women empowerment and representation being at the core of India's G20 deliberations.

Infrastructure development and investment

• India has kick-started its presidency term agenda with a series of cultural initiatives.
• It is included various Jan Bhagidari activities.
• It is a special University Connect event with 75 educational institutions from across the country.
• It is lighting up of 100 ASI monuments with the G20 logo and colours, and showcasing G20 at the Hornbill festival in Nagaland.
• Sand artist Sudarshan Patnaik also created sand art of India's G20 logo on Puri beach in Odisha.
• Various other events, youth activities, cultural performances, and site excursions showcasing the sights and traditions of respective city-venues, are also planned throughout the year-long calendar.

Major Outcomes of G20 Summit 2023

Admittance of the African Union (G20 now G21)

• The G20 leaders agreed to admit the African Union as a permanent member of the G20.
• The Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that the African Union (AU) had been granted the permanent membership in the Group of 20 largest economies (G20) in the world during the opening session of the two-day G20 Summit.
• The AU’s accession as a new member of this prominent global organization.
• The African Union (AU) is a significant organization consisting of 55 member states.
• It is collectively representing the nations across the African continent.
• Over the past few years, India has actively established itself as a prominent advocate, highlighting the issues, difficulties, and aspirations of the Global South, particularly the African continent.
• It is a major step towards increasing the representation of developing countries in the forum.

The Impact of AU's Inclusion in G20

• The AU's membership in the G20 offers an opportunity to reshape global trade, finance, and investment.
• It would be provide a greater voice to the Global South within the G20.
• It allows African interests and perspectives to be heard and recognized within the G20.

Tripling the Global Renewable Energy Capacity by 2030

• According to an assessment by the International Energy Agency (IEA) this single step could avoid carbon dioxide emissions by seven billion tonnes between now and 2030.
• It aligns with global efforts to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
• It represents a significant shift away from fossil fuels towards cleaner energy alternatives.
• It highlights the need for trillions of dollars in financial resources to achieve the objectives of the Paris Agreement.
• Expanding renewable energy capacity on this scale could avoid about 7 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions between 2023 and 2030.

Commitment to Global Food Security and Nutrition

• The G20 leaders recognize the importance of addressing rising commodity prices, including food and energy prices, which contribute to cost-of-living pressures.
• They aim to eliminate hunger and malnutrition, acknowledging that global challenges like poverty, climate change, pandemics, and conflicts disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, particularly women and children.
• G20 leaders called for the full, timely implementation of the Black Sea grain initiative.

• The agriculture working group during the G20 Presidency reached a historic consensus on two aspects.
• These are Deccan G20 High-level principles on Food Security and Nutrition and the Millet initiative called MAHARISHI.
• The seven principles under the high-level principles on food security and nutrition include humanitarian assistance, increasing food production and food security net programs, climate-smart approaches, inclusivity of agriculture food systems, one health approach, digitalization of the agriculture sector, and scaling responsible public and private investment in agriculture.
• MAHARISHI (Millets And OtHer Ancient Grains International ReSearcH Initiative) aims at advancing research collaborations and generating awareness about millets and other ancient grains during International Years of Millets 2023 and after.

• The G20 leaders emphasize the importance of strengthening the Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS) and the Group on Earth Observations Global Agricultural Monitoring (GEOGLAM) for greater transparency.
• This includes expanding AMIS to include vegetable oils and enhancing collaboration with early warning systems to avoid food price volatility.

Debt 

• Relief is needed for the countries struggling with debt row, but no concrete steps were announced.
• International aid agency Oxfam called the summit “uninspiring and underwhelming” with no action being taken to tackle poverty, inequality and climate change.

Russia Ukraine War

• Ukraine criticized the New Delhi Leaders' Declaration as it did not explicitly mention Russia's aggression towards Ukraine.
• The G20 promotes growth and development by providing policy consistency, analysis, and practical instruments.
• This allows G20 members to better target their collaboration with developing nations and amplify development initiatives on the global agenda.

Small Arms and Terrorist Safe Havens

• The 2023 New Delhi Declaration builds upon previous G20 declarations, especially the 2015 Turkey declaration, which strongly denounced terrorism.
• Unlike the 2022 G20 Bali Leaders Declaration, which primarily focused on the financing of terrorism and the strengthening of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the New Delhi Declaration encompasses a wider range of concerns.
• The G20 leaders, in the New Delhi Declaration, clearly condemn terrorism in all its forms and manifestations.
• The declaration supports the FATF's efforts to enhance global asset recovery networks and recover criminal proceeds.

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