Muthuvel Karunanidhi

Muthuvel Karunanidhi

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Muthuvel karunanidhi

• Muthuvel Karunanidhi is an Indian politician and the head of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK).
• Karunanidhi was born as Dakshinamoorthy to Muthuvel and Anjugam on 3 June 1924 in Thirukuvalai, Nagapattinam district.
• At birth he was named Dakshinamurthy after a form of Shivaas a teacher, but he later changed it to Karunanidhi influencedby Dravidian and rationalist movements that were against use of Brahmanical and gods' names.
• His initial schooling was in Thirukkuvalaiand then in 1936 he shifted to a high school in Tiruvarur.
• M.Karunanidhi was popularly known as 'Kalaignar'(artist), for his less contributions to Tamil literature through his poems, letters, screenplays, novels, biographies, historical novels, stage-plays, dialogues and movies.

• He was a long-standing leader of the Dravidian movement and ten-time president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam political party.
• Karunanidhi died on 7 August 2018 (94) in Chennaiafter prolonged, age-related illness.
• For the first time parliament Adjourns in Tribute to Karunanidhi, Who Was Never a Member.

Career

• Karunanidhi started his career as a screenwriter in the Tamil film industry.  His first movies as a screenwriter was Rajakumaari (1947) which gained him huge popularity.
• He still continues to write for Tamil Cinema. Ponnar Shankar, the last film he worked on, released in 2011. His work helped him grow as a leader of the Dravidian movement.
• He usually used to write historical and social (reformist) stories. It also helped propagating the socialist and rationalist ideals of the Dravidian movement.
• Through the movie Parasakthi, his political ideas were propagated.

• Two other movies written by him which had similar messages were Panam and Thangarathnam. Two of his plays were banned in 1950s because they carried strong social messages.

Politics

• The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) chief was just 14 when he entered politics.
• He began a student organisation called Tamil Nadu Tamil Manavar Mandram. This was the first student wing of the Dravidan Movement.
• He also started a newspaper, Murasoli for the student community which later became the official paper of DMK party.

• His involvement in the Kallakudi agitation in Kallakudi made him gain ground in Tamil politics.
• Karunanidhi helped Annadurai to form DMK in 1949.

• In 1957, he was elected to the Tamil Nadu assembly fromKulithalai assembly.
• In 1961, he became the DMKtreasurer and a year after in 1962 he became the opposition’s deputy leader in the state assembly.
• He became the minister for public works in 1967.
• In 1969 Annadurai expired and Karunanidhi became the Chief Minister of the state on 10 February 1969.
• His five reigns as chief minister spanned from 1969-1971, 1971-1976, 1989-1991, 1996-2001 and 2006-2011.
• He has been elected for MLA the record 12 times and served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for Five times.

• Karunanidhi became the oldest (82) serving Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu when he assumed office as Chief Minister in 2006.

Achievements of his government

1969 – 1971

• Beggars Rehabilitation Scheme (1969).
• Abolition of Hand-pulled Rickshaws and free distribution of Cycle Rickshaws (1969).
• Free Concrete Houses for Scheduled Castes and Tribes.
• Act to provide conferment of ownership of house-sites (Kudiyiruppu Act)
• Act fixing fair wages to farm labourers (1971)
• Police Commission – First in India
• Separate Ministry for Backward Classes and Scheduled Castes
• Constitution of the Backward Classes Commission and increasing the quantum of reservation for Backward Classes to 31 per cent from 25 per cent and for Scheduled Castes to 18 per cent from 15 per cent.
• Free Education to all upto P.U.C.
• May Day declared as a Holiday with wages (1969).
• Birthday of “Nabigal Nayagam” declared as a Holiday.
• Rajamannar committee (1969).

1971 – 1976

• First Agricultural University at Coimbatore (1971)

• Family Benefit Fund Scheme to Government Employees.
• “Karunai Illam” in Temples for children.
• Inclusion of Urdu Speaking Muslims in the list of Backward Classes, like Tamil Speaking Muslims.
• Abolition of Land Tax on dry lands.
• “Manu Neethi Thittam”
• Poompuhar Shipping Corporation (1974)
• “Kongu Vellalar” included in the list of Backward Classes
• Green Revolution
• The first Tamil Nadu chief minister to hoist the national flag at Fort St George in Chennai (15 August,1974).
• The Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Act, 1961 was amended in 1970, and the ceiling area fixed earlier at 30 standard acres was reduced to 15 standard acres.
• In 1976, the entire state was covered by the PDS.
• The first to resolution on regional autonomy was passed in state assembly (1974).

1989 – 1991

• Free Education to Scheduled Castes and subject to income ceiling to women up to Degree level.
• Free Electricity to Farmers – First time in the Country (1989).
• Law for equal property rights to women (1989).
• 30 per cent reservation for women in Government services.
• First Veterinary and Animal Sciences University – First in Asia (1989).
• Financial Assistance to poor girls for marriages.
• Financial assistance to pregnant women.
• Women’s Self-Help groups benefiting 10 lakh women.
• Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (1990).
• Efforts to set up Cauvery Tribunal (1990).
• 20% separate reservation within the OBC quota for the most backward castes was provided, including denotified communities.

1996 – 2001

• 33 per cent reservation for women in local bodies – by which 44,143 women including 2 Women Mayors assumed office; of the two Women Mayors one belonged to SC community.
• ‘Madras’ renamed as ‘Chennai’ (1996).
• Transparent New Industrial Policy.
• Single window system for obtaining all licenses for starting industries.
• For the first time in India, MLA Constituency Development Fund.
• Periyar Memorial Samathuvapuram Scheme to eradicate caste discrimination (1998).
• Ambedkar Law University – First in India (1997).
• Tamil Virtual University to help world Tamils.
• Farmers Market Scheme (uzhavar sandhai thittam) (1999).
• Vazhvoli Thittam in Schools (1999).
• 133 feet high Thiruvalluvar Statue in Kanniyakumari (2000).

• Community Certificate, Nativity Certificate, Income Certificate on completion of 10th and 12th standards from the year 1999-2000.
• Foundation of Bus Terminal at Koyambedu in Chennai – Biggest in Asia
• Special Scheme for the economic development of Southern districts.
• Women’s Small Trade Loan Scheme with saving scheme.
• Manimandapam for Tamil Scholars and martyrs.
• For the first time Bench of High Court at Madurai.
• Anna Marumalarchi Scheme (1997-98).
• Indigent Family Welfare Scheme.
• Nationalisation of the works of Tamil scholars.
• The ‘Namakku Naame Thittam’ (loosely translated as self-sufficiency) was a participatory scheme mooted in the 1997-1998 budget to promote and strengthen self-help and the self-reliant attitude of the community.
• Tidal park establishment (1999).

2006 – 2011

• Varumun Kappom (2006).
• Free land distribution scheme (2006).
• 1 Kg. of rice for 1 Rupee (2008).
• Cooperative loan of Rs. 7,000 crores waived to benefit 22 lakh 40 thousand and 739 families of farmers.
• Renewal of 117 old Uzhavar Sandhais and 45 new Uzhavar Sandhais.
• Linking of rivers within the State: Cauvery – Gundaru Linking Project taken up at a cost of Rs.189 crores.
• Tamirabarani – Karumeniyaru – Nambiyaru Linking Project taken up at a cost of Rs.369 crores.
• Kamarajar Birthday (July 15) celebrated as “Education Development Day” in all the schools – A Special Legislation enacted (2006).
• Tamil made  a compulsory subject upto 10th Standard in all the schools (2006).
• Central Institute of Classical Tamil shifted to Chennai from Mysore.
• Moovalur Ramamirdham Ammaiyar Financial Assistance for marriages of poor girls increased to Rs.25,000 from Rs.10,000.
• Under “Varumun Kappom Thittam” 18 thousand 742 camps have been conducted so far, benefiting 77 lakhs 5 thousand and 8 persons.
• “Nalamana Thamizhagam Thittam” for medical check-up to create awareness in regard to heart disease, diabetics and cancer (2010).
• Free 108 Emergency Ambulance Scheme with the Central assistance has benefited 8 lakh 8 thousand 907 persons so far; Further, lives of 42 thousand 232 persons have been saved (2009).
• 3 per cent separate reservation for Arunthathiyar Community.
• With a view to create a casteless society, 145 Periyar Ninaivu Samathuvapurams have already been established; 95 new Samathuvapurams are added.
• New Secretariat-Assembly Complex in Omandurar Government Estate at a cost of Rs.1200 crores
• TESMA and ESMA scrapped; Concessions withdrawn from Government servants and teachers have been given back to them;  Recommendations of the 6th Pay Commission have been implemented with effect from 1.1.2006, on an annual expenditure of Rs.5,155.79 crores.
• First World Classical Tamil Conference held at Coimbatore in June 2010.
• Rajaraja Chola’s 1000th birth anniversary (sadhaya vizha) was celebrated (2010). single paddy cultivation system was introduced (raja rajan aayiram).
• In 2007, the DMK also provided 3.5% quota each for Muslims and Christians within the OBC share of 30%.

World classical Tamil conference 2010

• The World Classical Tamil Conference 2010 was an international gathering of scholars, poets, political leaders and celebrities with an interest in Tamil people, the Tamil language and Tamil literature.
• It was held in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadubetween 23 June and 27 June 2010 with an expenditure of more than 500 Crores.
• The theme song, "Semmozhiyaana Thamizh Mozhiyaam" was penned by the then Tamil NaduChief Minister  Karunanidhi with music by A.R. Rahman.

Awards

• Annamalai University awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1971.
• He was awarded "Raja Rajan Award" by Tamil University, Thanjavur for his book Thenpandi Singam.
• On 15 December 2006, the Governor of Tamil Nadu and the Chancellor of Madurai Kamaraj University, Surjit Singh Barnala conferred an honorary doctorate on the Chief Minister on the occasion of the 40th annual convocation.
• In June 2007, the Tamil Nadu Muslim Makkal Katchi announced that it would confer the title "Friend of the Muslim Community" (Yaaran-E-Millath) upon M. Karunanidhi.

Books

• Iniyvai Irubadhu
• Kaala pezhaiyum kavithai saaviyum
• Kalaignar sonna kathaigal
• Kalaignarin kavithai mazhai
• Kalaignarin kavithai nadaiyil thaai kaaviyam
• Kalaignarin pasumai ninaivugal
• Kallakudi
• Kuraloviyam
• Muthukuliyal (volume 1,2)
• Nenjukkuneedhi
• Nerukkadi neruppuaru
• Oru thalai kadhal
• Payum puli pandara vanniyan
• Ponnar sankar
• Romapuri Pandiyan
• Sanga Tamizh
• Sindhanaiyum seiyalum
• Thear sendra paathai
• Thenpandi singam
• Thirukkural Urai
• Vaanpugazh konda valluvam
• Vellikizhamai

Scriptwriting

• Rajakumaari (1947) (FIRST MOVIE)
• Parasakthi (1952)
• Manohara (1952)
• Malaikkallan(1954)
• Poompuhar (1964)
• Pasa Kiligal (2006)
• Ilaignan (2011)
• Ponnar Shankar (2011) (LAST MOVIE)

Stage Performance

• Manimagudam
• Ore Ratham
• Palaniappan
• Thooku Medai
• Kagithapoo
• Naane Arivali
• Vellikizhamai
• Udhayasooriyan
• Silappathikaram

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