SDG Goal wise programs of India – Part 12

SDG Goal wise programs of India – Part 12

(இதன் தமிழ் வடிவத்திற்கு இங்கே சொடுக்கவும்)

Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)

Launched:

• Introduced: December 31, 2016.
• Implemented from: January 1, 2017.

Ministry or Nodal Agency:

• Ministry of Women and Child Development.

Objectives of PMMVY

• To provide financial support to pregnant and lactating mothers to improve their nutritional status and well-being.
• To reduce maternal and infant mortality by promoting better health practices.

• To encourage institutional deliveries to ensure safer births.

• Promote exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a child’s life.
• Improve the health and well-being of children under the age of six.

Beneficiaries of PMMVY

• Pregnant women and lactating mothers registered with Anganwadi or approved health centers.

• Women who are not already receiving maternity benefits under other government schemes.
• Women who are willing to provide Aadhaar numbers and follow the terms and conditions of the program.

Eligibility Criteria

• The applicant must be a pregnant woman or lactating mother.
• She must be at least 19 years old.

• The scheme is applicable only for the first living child.
• Women must be facing wage loss due to pregnancy.
• Women must be registered with an Anganwadi center or other approved health facility.

Benefits of PMMVY

Cash benefit of Rs. 5,000 in three installments:

• First instalment (Rs. 1,000): Given upon early pregnancy registration at an Anganwadi or approved health facility.
• Second instalment (Rs. 2,000): After 6 months of pregnancy upon receiving at least one antenatal check-up (ANC).

• Third installment (Rs. 2,000): After childbirth and registration of the baby, along with the first round of immunization.

• Additional Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) benefits for institutional deliveries.

Additional Information

• The scheme aims to partially compensate for the wage loss during pregnancy and help women take adequate rest before and after childbirth.

• Proposed reforms: The benefits may extend to the second female child under certain conditions, with a lump sum amount of Rs. 6,000 for the second child if the pregnancy is registered during pregnancy.

• The program has faced implementation challenges like difficulties in document submission (e.g., Aadhaar linking) and lack of awareness among some women, particularly in rural areas.

Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP)

Launched:

• 2008 (Initially as Jan Aushadi Campaign, renamed in 2015).

Ministry or Nodal Agency:

• Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.
• Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Bureau of India (PMBI).

Objectives:

• Provide quality generic medicines at affordable prices.
• Improve access to quality medicines, particularly in rural and underserved areas.
• Create awareness about the efficacy and affordability of generic medicines.

• Encourage the opening of Janaushadhi Kendras to create job opportunities and support self-employment.
• Reduce out-of-pocket expenses for healthcare, especially for disadvantaged sections of society.

Beneficiaries:

• General Public: Especially those from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, rural populations, and underserved areas.

• Entrepreneurs: Individuals or organizations looking to set up Jan Aushadhi Kendras (JAKs) for self-employment.

Eligible Entities:

• NGOs.
• Charitable institutions.
• Professional bodies.
• Private hospitals.
• Trusts.
• Self-help groups.

Benefits:

For Individuals:

• Access to generic medicines at 50% to 90% lower prices than branded medicines.
• Improved access to medicines, especially in rural and underserved areas.
• Enhanced awareness about the benefits and quality of generic medicines.

For Society:

• Reduced burden on healthcare systems by lowering healthcare costs.
• Increased economic activity and job creation through the establishment of Janaushadhi Kendras.
• Reduced social inequality by making medicines accessible to all, regardless of income.

For Entrepreneurs:

• Financial incentives up to Rs. 5 lakhs for establishing Janaushadhi Kendras.
• Special incentives for women entrepreneurs, Divyang individuals, and those in aspirational districts.

Additional Information:

• PMBJP Stores: Over 8,675 stores across India, with a target of 10,500 by 2025.
• Janaushadhi Oxo-Biodegradable Sanitary Napkins: Available for Rs. 1, promoting the menstrual hygiene.
• Janaushadhi Diwas: Celebrated annually to create awareness about the scheme and provide health check-ups.

• e-Aushadhi App: Helps locate nearby Jan Aushadhi Kendras and compares prices of generic and branded medicines.
• Financial Support: Special financial incentives for NGOs, self-help groups, and those in rural/remote areas.

• This scheme plays a crucial role in reducing healthcare costs, increasing access to quality medicines, and providing opportunities for self-employment, making healthcare more affordable and accessible to all sections of society.

National AYUSH Mission

Launched:

• National AYUSH Mission (NAM) launched in 2014.

Ministry or Nodal Agency:

• Ministry of AYUSH.
• It is a centrally sponsored scheme aimed at promoting India's traditional medical systems, including Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa-Rigpa, and Homoeopathy (AYUSH).

Objectives of NAM:

• Increasing accessibility to AYUSH services through AYUSH hospitals, dispensaries, and integrating AYUSH facilities at primary and secondary healthcare centers.
• Promoting medicinal plant cultivation by supporting farmers with Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for sustained raw material supply for AYUSH medicines.

• Strengthening educational institutions for AYUSH to ensure quality education and research.
• Awareness creation about the benefits of AYUSH practices in preventive, curative, and rehabilitative healthcare.

Key Features:

• Co-location of AYUSH facilities: At Primary Health Centres (PHCs), Community Health Centres (CHCs), and District Hospitals (DHs).
• Supply of essential drugs: To AYUSH hospitals and dispensaries.
• Upgradation of AYUSH hospitals: Including setting up integrated AYUSH hospitals with up to 50 beds.

• Support for the cultivation of medicinal plants: Encouraging farmers to engage in the cultivation of herbs used in traditional medicine.
• Establishment of AYUSH Health & Wellness Centres (HWCs): These are designed to integrate AYUSH practices for wellness, prevention, and management of diseases.
• Flexible Components: These include research, wellness centers, telemedicine services, and various public health outreach programs.

Governance and Implementation:

• Funding Pattern: The mission operates with a funding ratio of 60:40 between the central government and state governments. For the northeastern and hilly states, it is 90:10.
• State Annual Action Plans (SAAPs): State governments propose plans to receive grants for implementing the mission.

• Incorporation in Ayushman Bharat (2020): AYUSH HWCs became a component of Ayushman Bharat to mainstream traditional medicine practices in India's public health system.

Achievements:

• 8.42 Crores beneficiaries availed AYUSH services in the fiscal year 2022-23, a significant increase from 1.5 crores in 2020-21.

Components of NAM:

• AYUSH Services: Co-located facilities, supply of essential drugs, and upgradation of hospitals.
• AYUSH Health and Wellness Centres: Offering a wide range of services including yoga, non-communicable disease management, palliative care, and mental health.
• Medicinal Plants: Promotion of cultivation and sustainable management of medicinal plants.

Financial Support:

• Grant-in-aid is provided to state governments based on their State Annual Action Plans (SAAPs).
• Funding for infrastructure development: This includes upgradation of AYUSH hospitals and dispensaries, setting up new institutions, and infrastructure for the cultivation and processing of medicinal plants.

Other Key Initiatives Under NAM:

• AYUSH Entrepreneurship Programme: To foster innovation and promote entrepreneurship in the AYUSH sector.
• Ayushman Bharat Integration: In 2020, AYUSH HWCs were integrated into the Ayushman Bharat initiative to provide a holistic wellness model based on AYUSH principles.

Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY)

Launched:

• March 2006 (announced in 2003).

Ministry or Nodal Agency:

• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Objectives:

• To correct regional imbalances in the availability of affordable and reliable tertiary healthcare services across the country.
• To augment facilities for quality medical education in underserved areas.
• To establish AIIMS-like institutions and upgrade existing government medical colleges.

Components:

Establishment of AIIMS-like institutions:

• Setting up 22 new AIIMS institutions with state-of-the-art facilities and medical education programs.
• These institutions focus on tertiary healthcare, research, and education, and are designed to address healthcare needs in underserved areas.

Upgradation of Government Medical Colleges:

• Upgrading the existing medical colleges by adding specializations, beds, and postgraduate programs.

Beneficiaries:

• People in the underserved regions across India who will gain access to improved healthcare services and education.
• Medical students and healthcare professionals who will benefit from enhanced education and training facilities.

Eligibility Criteria:

• No specific eligibility criteria for beneficiaries; however, the scheme prioritizes regions with poor healthcare infrastructure and facilities.
• Medical colleges receiving upgrades must meet specific criteria defined by the Ministry of Health.

Benefits:

• Increased accessibility to tertiary healthcare services in underserved regions.
• Improved quality of medical education and training.

• Creation of highly specialized medical facilities and research centers in various states.
• Enhanced healthcare services for both general and specialized treatments.
• Creation of medical professionals through postgraduate courses in various specialties.

Additional Information:

The scheme was implemented in multiple phases:

• Phase I: 6 new AIIMS-like institutions, 13 medical college upgradations.
• Phase II: 2 new AIIMS institutions and upgradation of 6 medical colleges.
• Phase III: Upgradation of 7 more medical colleges.
• The AIIMS institutions are autonomous and operate under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
• They offer undergraduate and postgraduate medical courses, and specialized health services.

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