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Annual Review of State Laws 2023
May 11 , 2024
54 days
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- In 2023, of the Rs. 18.5 lakh crore budget presented by 10 States, close to 40% was passed without discussion.
- As many as 20 States also saw 84 Ordinances being promulgated in 2023.
- The highest number of Ordinances was promulgated by Uttar Pradesh (20), followed by Andhra Pradesh (11), and Maharashtra (9).
- In 2023, only four Ordinances were promulgated in Kerala, compared to 15 in 2022, and 144 in 2021.
- Madhya Pradesh passed 85% of its Rs. 3.14 lakh crore Budget without discussion, the highest among the ten States.
- Kerala came second with 78%, followed by Jharkhand (75%) and West Bengal (74%).
- In 2023, the Public Accounts Committee held 24 sittings and tabled 16 reports on average in the States considered.
- In five of the 13 States for which data was available — Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Maharashtra and Odisha — the PAC did not table any reports.
- In contrast, the PAC in Tamil Nadu tabled 95 reports followed by Himachal Pradesh (75 reports).
- An analysis of the time taken by State legislatures to pass Bills shows that many were passed quickly with minimal debate.
- In fact, 44% of the Bills were passed either on the same day they were introduced in the Assembly or the next day.
- The figure is consistent with the trend observed in 2022 (56%) and 2021 (44%).
- In Gujarat, Jharkhand, Mizoram, Puducherry, and Punjab, all Bills were passed on the day of introduction or the next day.
- In 13 of 28 State legislatures, Bills were passed within five days of introduction.
- Kerala and Meghalaya took more than five days to pass more than 90% of their Bills.
- About 55% of Bills in Rajasthan were also passed after more than five days of deliberation.
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