The 15th Conference of Parties (COP15) to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) held in Montreal, Canada.
China holds presidency in this conference.
It adopted the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF).
The GBF includes four goals and 23 targets to address the loss of biodiversity and restore natural ecosystems by 2030.
It is an agreement to protect 30% of land and water considered important for biodiversity by 2030, known as 30 by 30.
The targets of the GBF need to be achieved by 2030.
To support the implementation of the GBF, the Global Environment Facility has been requested to establish a Special Trust Fund.
As part of the GBF, countries have pledged to reduce harmful government subsidies worth USD500 billion annually and identify subsidies that are harmful to biodiversity by 2025
The main targets are
Protecting at least 30% of the world’s land, water, coastal, and marine areas
Restoring at least 30% of degraded terrestrial, inland water, coastal, and marine ecosystems
Cutting global food waste in half and reducing overconsumption and waste
Reducing the use of pesticides and hazardous chemicals by half.