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Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
December 22 , 2022
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- The 15th Conference of Parties (COP15) to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) held in Montreal, Canada.
- China holds presidency in this conference.
- It adopted the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF).
- The GBF includes four goals and 23 targets to address the loss of biodiversity and restore natural ecosystems by 2030.
- It is an agreement to protect 30% of land and water considered important for biodiversity by 2030, known as 30 by 30.
- The targets of the GBF need to be achieved by 2030.
- To support the implementation of the GBF, the Global Environment Facility has been requested to establish a Special Trust Fund.
- As part of the GBF, countries have pledged to reduce harmful government subsidies worth USD500 billion annually and identify subsidies that are harmful to biodiversity by 2025
- The main targets are
- Protecting at least 30% of the world’s land, water, coastal, and marine areas
- Restoring at least 30% of degraded terrestrial, inland water, coastal, and marine ecosystems
- Cutting global food waste in half and reducing overconsumption and waste
- Reducing the use of pesticides and hazardous chemicals by half.
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