Moon’s dark regions that are visible to the naked eye, known as the ‘mare’.
They are remnants of a violent history of the Solar System.
There are no records, though, of these frenzied events on Earth.
The large mare regions on the near side of the Moon, that can be seen from Earth, mainly consists of basalts comprising volcanic rocks.
These regions hold the key to how the Moon cooled and evolved.
They also providing information on what were the sources of heat that melted and crystallised the material to the present-day rocks.
The Apollo, Luna, and Chang’E-5 missions have brought to Earth an extensive collection of mare basalts.
Apollo mare basalts date back to the age of 3.8–3.3 Ga (Ga is one billion years).
ISRO stated the calculations show that these basalts must be a result of low-pressure melting in the Moon.
Further, they also reveal that these basalts originated from a cool, shallow, and compositionally distinct part of the lunar interior.
The Moon's interior melted in the form of basalt magmatism from as early as 4.3 - 3.9 Ga globally.
The potassium, rare earth elements, and phosphorous rich zone of moon known as Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT).This PKT region formed as later as 3.8-3.0 Ga.