The Environment Ministry has introduced new set of amendments to India’s Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2024.
It defines the biodegradable plastics as not only capable of “...degradation by biological processes in specific environment such as soil, landfill...” but also as materials that do not leave “any microplastics...”
Biodegradable plastic involves plastic goods being treated before they are sold.
When discarded, the material is expected to decompose naturally over time though there are no tests yet to determine if such plastics completely degrade.
Compostable plastics, on the other hand, do degrade, but require industrial or large municipal waste management facilities to do so.
Microplastics are defined as any solid plastic particle insoluble in water, with dimensions between 1 µm and 1,000 µm (1 µm is one-thousandth of a millimetre).