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Relative Economic Performance of Indian States
September 23 , 2024
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- This is authored by EAC-PM member Sanjeev Sanyal, the paper ‘Relative Economic Performance of Indian States: 1960-61 to 2023-24
- All data used are in current prices and this analysis spans 1960-61 to 2023- 24.
- West Bengal, which held the third-largest share of national GDP at 10.5% in 1960-61, now accounts for only 5.6% in 2023-24.
- West Bengal’s per capita income was above the national average in 1960-61 at 127.5%, but its growth failed to keep pace with national trends.
- As a result, its relative per capita income declined to 83.7% in 2023-24.
- Southern States have significantly overtaken others after economic liberalization in 1991.
- The five States - Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kerala and Tamil Nadu - collectively are accounting for approximately 30% of India’s GDP in 2023-24.
- Per capita income of all southern States became higher than the national average after 1991.
- Delhi has one of the highest per capita incomes throughout the study period.
- Maharashtra, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu were home to India’s 3 largest industrial clusters in the 1960s.
- Maharashtra showed broadly steady performance throughout, West Bengal’s share has been in continuous decline.
- After a decline, Tamil Nadu picked up post-1991.
- Haryana’s share of India’s GDP now exceeds that of Punjab.
- Its relative per capita income has reached 176.8 percent, compared to Punjab’s 106.7 percent in 2023-24.
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