Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) released a report titled "Right Teacher for Every Child: State of Teachers, Teaching, and Teacher Education Report 2023".
The study is based on existing available data and survey findings from Maharashtra, Bihar, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Punjab, Mizoram and Telangana
It showed low levels of competency in regional language among primary school teachers.
90% of teachers hold some kind of professional certification.
Only 46% of primary school teachers were found to possess the necessary professional certification.
In many states, the private sector employs 40% or more of the teaching workforce.
These schools typically have better facilities (like libraries, computer labs and internet access — 76% in private schools vs only 38% in government schools.
More than 50% of teachers in private or non-government schools said that they are working without written contracts.
The Government schools also reported a high proportion (41%) of unsupportive parents.
Provisioning of physical education teachers was overall low with 36 per cent in government schools and 65 per cent private schools.
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, (2009) mandates a student-teacher ratio at the school level of 30:1 for Classes 1 to 5, and 35:1 for Classes 6 to 8.