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World Bank Paper on Swachh Bharat Mission
October 8 , 2023
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- A departmental working paper by the World Bank on the progress of the Swachh Bharat Mission - Gramin (SBM-G) released recently.
- It has now gains made by the programme to bring toilet access to rural India since 2014-15, when it began, there has been a clear trend of regular toilet use declining in rural India from 2018-19 onwards.
- The largest drop being seen among Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe socio-economic groups.
- The paper found that as the programme started, it led to a substantial increase in access to own or shared improved toilets in rural India.
- It was dropped from 38% in 2012 to 90% in 2019-20.
- It was the sharpest increase reported in the last two years of this time period.
- The first phase of 2015-2019 was marked by large improvements.
- It was followed by some stagnation and decline over the last two years.
- That reported toilet use going up from 7% to 43% in between 2015-16 and 2019-21.
- A large increase in toilet use was seen in the poorest 20% of the rural population.
- It added that similar large increases were reported in all quintiles save for the richest 20%.
- The States where there has been a sustained decline in regular use of toilets since 2018 were Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Karnataka, and Himachal Pradesh.
- Seven other States like Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and West Bengal have been seeing an uneven decline in toilet use since 2018.
- Seven other States - Odisha, Punjab, Kerala, Bihar, Uttarakhand, Haryana, and Assam - were found to be steady performers in terms of continued toilet usage.
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