Japan slips to the world's fourth-largest economy, behind the US, China and now Germany.
Japan’s nominal GDP totalled $4.2 trillion last year, or about 591 trillion yen.
Germany’s, was $4.4 trillion, or $4.5 trillion, depending on the currency conversion.
The Japanese economy has gradually lost its competitiveness and productivity while the population shrinks as Japanese people age and have fewer children.
Japan fell from the second-ranked economy behind the U.S. to the third-largest in 2010 as China's economy grew.
The gap between developed countries and emerging nations is shrinking, with India certain to overtake Japan in nominal GDP in a few years.