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Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZ)
August 13 , 2019
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- The Ministry of Environment approved 13 wildlife sanctuaries as eco-sensitive zones (ESZ) for scientific conservation of the ecosystem.
- The 11 sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu are
- Vaduvoor Bird Sanctuary,
- Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary,
- Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel sanctuary,
- Megamalai Wildlife sanctuary,
- Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park,
- Vettangudi Birds sanctuary,
- Kodaikanal Wildlife Sanctuary,
- Sakkarakottai Bird Sanctuary,
- Vallanadu Blackbuck Sanctuary,
- Oussudu Lake Bird Sanctuary
- Point Calemere Wildlife Sanctuary.
- The Achanakmar Tiger Reserve in Chhattisgarh and Tungareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary in Maharashtra have also been approved as ESZ.
ESZ
- ESZs are extended up to 10 km from the protected areas, National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries.
- It acts as a transition zone from areas of high protection to areas involving lesser protection.
- It works as a shock absorber to the protected areas as certain activities such as mining, quarrying or heavy construction are banned around national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
- It aims to minimize the negative impact on the fragile ecosystem.
- Final ESZ notification provides for prohibition of mining, stone quarrying and crushing units located within one km of such protected areas.
- The ESZ notifications are issued under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Environment (Protection) Rules 1986 by the Union Environment Ministry.
- But, the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 does not mention the word “Eco-Sensitive Zones”.
- The Supreme Court in December 2006 had directed all the States to demarcate ESZs within four weeks.
- Over 30 per cent of India's protected area (PA) has been covered under the Final ESZ notification.
- Out of the 651 protected areas in India, 316 have been covered under the Final ESZ notification.
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